Quake uses lightmaps, and the luxel scale is hardcoded at 1 lightmap sample per 16 texels.
Since you can control the texture scale in your map editor, this give control over the lightmap scale as a side effect of changing the texture scale, but you can't change them independently (in vanilla quake). Skacky's map jam5 map is an example using 128x128 textures and a texture scale of 0.5 (iirc), so it has double the normal lightmap resolution:
https://www.quaddicted.com/reviews/func_mapjam5.html
The flag mukor mentioned, and some others in my light tool, are more or less FTEQW-only extensions